亲子

　　标题：Kidsallowedtobekidsmakebetterparents
　　source：sciencedaily
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　　Motherswhotookonburdensomecaregivingrolesaschildrenandwerentallowedtojustbekidstendtobelesssensitivetotheirownchildrensneeds，findsnewresearchledbyaMichiganStateUniversityscholar。
　　Thefindingssuggesttheseparentsdonotunderstandappropriatechilddevelopmentandendupparentinginasimilarharmfulmannerinwhichtheywereraised。ThestudyisonlinenowinadvanceofprintpublicationintheJournalofFamilyPsychology。
　　Ifyourchildhoodwasdefinedbyparentsexpectingyoutoperformtoomuchcaregivingwithoutgivingyouthechancetodevelopyourownselfidentity，thatmightleadtoconfusionaboutappropriateexpectationsforchildrenandlessaccurateknowledgeoftheirdevelopmentallimitationsandneedsasinfants，saidAmyK。Nuttall，assistantprofessorinMSUsDepartmentofHumanDevelopmentandFamilyStudiesandleadauthoronthestudy。
　　Ifmothersdontunderstandtheirchildrensneeds，Nuttallconcluded，theyrenotabletorespondtothemappropriately。
　　Burdensome，adultlikecaregiving，orparentification，caninvolveroutineparentinganddiscipliningofonessiblings，excessivechoresandresponsibilitiesaroundthehouse，andservingasthemainemotionalsupportsystemforparents。
　　Forthestudy，374pregnantwomenfromlowincomehouseholdsinfourU。S。citiesweresurveyedabouttheirupbringing。Afterbirth，themothersparentingtechniqueswereobservedseveraltimesduringan18monthperiod。
　　Motherswhoengagedinexcessive，adultlikecaregivingaschildrenwerelesslikelytorespondwarmlyandpositivelytotheirinfantsneedsandinterestsandtoputtheirchildsneedforexplorationandindependenceovertheirownagenda。
　　ApreviousstudyledbyNuttall，whichalsoappearedintheJournalofFamilyPsychology，foundthechildrenofmotherswhoengagedinexcessivecaregivingduringchildhoodwentontodisplaybehavioralproblems。Together，thestudieshaveimportantimplicationsfordevelopingparenteducationprogramsformotherswhowereoverburdenedbycaregivingrolesinchildhood。
　　Nuttallsaidinstructionaboutinfantdevelopmentmightbebestservedinprenatalclasses。Womenaremorelikelytoattendprenatalclassesthanparentingclassesofferedafterbirth。
　　Prenatalparentingclassesmaybeparticularlyusefulforteachingaccurateknowledgeofchilddevelopmentandappropriateexpectationsaboutchildrensabilitiesevenbeforemothersgivebirthandbeginparenting，Nuttallsaid。