麦克白两个译本中的意象翻译研究

　　摘要：莎剧《麦克白》运用多种意象以求加强悲剧艺术效果，和其他莎剧相比，《麦克白》更能引发读者的想象力。意象的内涵应尽量保留，但是为了避免误解，增加译文的可读性，译者也要针对具体的情况灵活翻译。梁实秋和朱生豪在处理剧中的意象时运用了不同的翻译策略：前者保留大量源语意象，采用异化策略，重点介绍传达作者的审美取向；后者则转化很多源语意象，选择归化策略，重视目的语读者的审美需要。由此我们可以看出，朱生豪在翻译过程中更加注重譯文与原文的神似，而梁实秋则更加注重忠实原文。
　　关键词：意象；归化译法；异化译法；《麦克白》
　　Abstract：InMacbeth，Shakespearemadeuseofvariousimagestoenhancethetragiceffect。Comparedwithhisotherplays，theimagesinMacbetharericherandmoreimaginative。LiangShiqiuandZhuShenghaoadopteddifferentmethodstotranslatetheimages：theformeradoptedforeignization，retainingtheoriginalimages；thelattertranslatedfromtheperspectiveofdomestication，emphasizingTLreadersneedsofappreciationofbeauty。Inconclusion，Zhuattachedimportancetospiritualresemblance，butLianggavehistopprioritytofaithfulness。
　　Keywords：Image；Domestication；Foreignization；Macbeth
　　一、Introduction
　　MacbethispopularinChinaformanyyearsanditcontinuestoattractinnumerablescholarsandreaderstoexplore。Shakespearemadeuseofrichimages。ZhuShenghao，thefirstChinesetranslatorthatattemptedtotranslateTheCompleteWorksofWilliamShakespeare，adopteddomestication。LiangShiqiu，whocontributedmosttothestudyofShakespeare，translatedMacbethfromtheperspectiveofforeignization。
　　二、TranslatingtheImages
　　1、CharacteristicsoftheImages。LiuMiqing，aChinesetranslationresearcher，alsoestablishedadefinitionofimage。HewroteinthebookIntroductiontoTranslationAestheticsthat，imagereferstoanintegrationofemotionandobjects，ortheformofemotioninwords；hebelievedthatimagesarecarrierofsubjectivespirit，whichisindefinite，andcanleadtoinfinitepoeticassociations。OfallShakespearestragedies，Macbethisthemostsuccessfuloneforitsrichnessinapplicationofimages。〔2〕
　　2、ImageTranslatingStrategies。Accordingtowhatismentionedabove，MacbethoccupiesaveryimportantpositioninShakespearesplaysandenjoysagreatpopularityinChina。Asaninstructiveplay，MacbethisverymuchworthtranslatingintoChineseforChinesereaders。Duringthepastcentury，manyscholarshavetriedtotranslateMacbeth。
　　三、AComparisonbetweenZhusandLiangsStrategies
　　1、AnalysisofZhuandLiangsRespectiveStrategies。
　　（1）ZhusSpiritualResemblance。WhenZhuShenghaohadfinishedtranslatingaparagraph，hewouldreviseitinthereadersshoes，toensurethattherewerenoambiguitiesintheparagraph，andthenreaditaloudtocheckthattheversionreadssmoothly。〔3〕
　　AftercomparingtheexistingtranslationofShakespeareanplays，ZhuShenghaoobservedthattherehadbeenmorecasesoftranslatorsrenderingrigidtranslationsofShakespearethanofmorecarelessworkandnoted：
　　theresultofstickingtothegrammarwillproduceatranslationwithoutanyoftheoriginalsspiritualflavor。Andworsestill，thetranslationissoabstruseandobscurethatnobodycanunderstandit。ItisthetranslatorbutnotShakespearethatshouldbetoblame。
　　ZhuShenghaosattitudetowardstranslationisquiteseriousandconscientious。IfeelthatIhavequiteagoodunderstandingofthespiritintheoriginalplays。〔4〕
　　（2）LiangsFaithfulness。Liangoncepointedoutinhisessaythatatranslationfaithfulbutunsmoothwasnobetterthantheonefluentbutunfaithful。〔1〕AccordingtoLiang，agoodtranslationshouldbeonewithsoundunificationoffaithfulnessandsmoothness。Inotherwords，Liangthoughtthatfaithfulnesswasnotonlyamatterofcontentbutalsoamatterofstyle。
　　四、Conclusion
　　Images，astheessenceofhumanwisdomandimagination，areendowedwithprofoundculturalconnotationsandreflectthecognitionofdifferentpeoples。
　　ThispaperpresentsitsopinionsaftercomparingtwotranslatedversionsofMacbeth；theonebyZhuShenghaomainlyadoptsdomesticationbothinlinguisticlevelandculturallevel，whiletheotherbyLiangShiqiumainlyadoptsforeignization。Therefore，theresnodefiniteboundarybetweenthem，andtranslatorsneedtomakearightchoicewhentheytranslateliteraryworks。
　　WorksCited〔1〕朱生豪，《莎士比亞戏剧全集》，文津出版社，2012。
　　〔2〕罗新璋，《翻译论集》，商务印书馆，1984。
　　〔3〕Baker，Mona，RoutledgeEncyclopediaofTranslationStudiesShanghai：ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress，2004。
　　〔4〕梁实秋，《梁实秋文集（第七卷）》，鹭江出版社，2002。