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　　标题：Toemailornottoemail？Forthoseinlove，it’sbetterthanleavingavoicemessage
　　原文链接：http：www。psypost。org201509toemailornottoemailforthoseinloveitsbetterthanleavingavoicemessage37237
　　作者：IndianaUniversity
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　　Inherhitsingle，CarlyRaeJepsenmayhavesung，Here’smynumber，socallmemaybe。ButaccordingtoanewresearchstudyfromIndianaUniversity，shemightbemoresuccessfulinfindingloveifsheaskedhimtosendheranemail。
　　Theresearch，whichhasbeenacceptedforpublicationinthejournalComputersinHumanBehavior，suggeststhat，inthisdigitalage，anemailcanbemoreeffectiveinexpressingromanticfeelingsthanleavingavoicemailmessage。
　　Previousresearchandconventionalwisdomsuggestedtheopposite，thatavoicemailmessageisamoreintimatewaytoconnectwithothers，butthatmaynotbetrue，particularlyamongmillennials。
　　Thebottomlineisthatemailismuchbetterwhenyouwanttoconveysomeinformationthatyouwantsomeonetothinkabout，saidoneoftheauthors，AlanR。Dennis，theJohnT。ChambersChairofInternetSystemsinIU’sKelleySchoolofBusiness。
　　DennisandcoauthorTaylorM。Wells，anassistantprofessorofmanagementinformationsystemsatCaliforniaStateUniversitySacramento，setouttolearnmoreabouthowwerespondemotionallytothesenewerformsofcommunication。
　　Althoughvoicemail，emailandtextingarepartofeverydaylife，verylittleisknownabouthowtheircharacteristicsinfluenceanddistortcommunicationinworkandpersonalsettings。
　　Usingpsychophysiologicalmeasuresfrom72collegeagepeople，DennisandWellsfoundthatpeoplewhosentromanticemailsweremoreemotionallyarousedandusedstrongerandmorethoughtfullanguagethanthosewholeftvoicemails。
　　Whenwritingromanticemails，sendersconsciouslyorsubconsciouslyaddedmorepositivecontenttotheirmessages，perhapstocompensateforthemedium’sinabilitytoconveyvocaltone，DennisandWellswroteinthepaper，ToEmailorNottoEmail：TheImpactofMediaonPsychophysiologicalResponsesandEmotionalContentinUtilitarianandRomanticCommunication。
　　Emailenablessenderstomodifythecontentasmessagesarecomposedtoensuretheyarecraftedtotheneedsofthesituation。Voicemaillacksthisfeature，theyadded。Asenderrecordsavoicemailinasingletake，anditcanbesentordiscardedandrerecorded，butnotedited。Thussendersengagewithemailmessageslongerandmaythinkaboutthetaskmoredeeplythanwhenleavingvoicemails。Thisextraprocessingmayincreasearousal。
　　Previousresearchsuggeststhatemailandtextchatareconsideredpoorforcommunicatingemotion。Thisisbelievedtobethefirstresearchstudyonhowwerespondtoemailusingphysiologicalmeasures。
　　DennisandWells’findingsweren’tjustaboutpullingheartstringstheuseofemailinducedmorearousingpsychophysiologicalresponsesthanvoicemail，regardlessofwhetherthemessagewasutilitarianorromantic。Genderwasnotfoundtobeafactorandwasomittedinthefinalanalysis。
　　Inaninterview，Dennisnotedthattheirfindingsruncountertomedianaturalnesstheory，acommonlyheldevolutionarystandardsuggestingthatthefurtherwegetawayfromfacetofacecommunications，thelessnaturalandlesseffectiveitbecomes。
　　Inthiscase，wefoundpeopleadapted，Dennissaid。Email’sbeeninthepopularconsciousnesssincethe1990s，andifyoulookatthenewgenerationofmillenials，andthat’swhowestudied，they’vegrownupwithemailandtextmessaging。Soitmaynotbeasunnaturalamediumasweatfirstthought。
　　There’salotoftheorythatsaysemailandothertextcommunicationsdon’treallyworkverywell，Dennisadded。Weshouldprobablygobackandreconsideralotofthestereotypicalassumptionsthatweholdaboutemailandtextmessagingthatmaynotholdtruewhenwetakeadeeperlookathowpeoplereactphysiologically。
　　Theresearchersdidnotseemuchuseofemoticonsandemojisintheiremails。Rather，theyfoundthatwhenwritingemails，subjectstookmoretimetochoosetheirwordscarefullytomakesurethelanguageconveyedthefullmeaning。
　　Thestudyalsodemonstratedthatthemediumusedcanshapethecontentofthemessage。Sendersofutilitarianmessagessentlesspositiveemailsthanvoicemailsforthesamecommunicationtask。However，whencomposingromanticmessages，sendersincludedthemostpositiveandmostarousingemotionalcontentinemailsandtheleastpositiveandleastarousingemotionalcontentinvoicemails。
　　Weexpectedthatusingemailforromanticcommunicationwouldbemorefrustratingthanusingvoicemail，butourdatadonotshowthis，theauthorswrote。Therewasneithergreateremotionalarousalnorgreaternegativeemotionalvalencewhenusingemailforromantictasksversusutilitariantasks。
　　Theseresultstakentogethersuggestthat‘themediumisthemessage’（asfamouslycoinedbyphilosopherMarshallMcLuhanin1964）inamorefundamentalwaythanwehavepreviouslyunderstood，theyadded。Ourresultsshowthatthemediumchangeshowmessagesendersfeelandwhattheysay。
　　Denniswarnsmanagersagainstmisinterpretingthesefindingstosuggestthatfacetofacemeetings，personalphonecallsandotherdirectformsofcommunicationsaren’tasuseful。
　　Ifsomethingisn’treallyclearandyouwanttomakesurethateveryonehasthesameunderstandingofwhatsomethingmeans，that’sbestdoneinphonecalls，facetofacemeetingsorvideoconferencing，Dennissaid。Youhavedifferentcues，andit’salsosynchronousdiscussion，asopposedtoemail，wheretimegoesbybeforethereceivergetstoit。
　　Theresearchwasconductedbyplacingskinsensorsonthesubjects’facestomeasuremusclemovementassociatedwithpositiveandnegativeemotion，andontheirfeettomeasurearousal。Subjectswererandomlychosentodovoicemailoremailfirstandproduceautilitarianoraromanticmessagefirst。